Charles I
Charles I
(see
here),
born 1600.
Reigned from March 1625 to his execution in 1649.
He married in May 1625 to
Henrietta Maria de Bourbon
[dau of
Henry IV, King of France].
She was
descendant of
Pope Felix V.
English Civil War
1642-1651.
He was executed 1649. (
Commonwealth 1649-1660.)
They had issue:
- Charles II, born 1630,
reigned 1660-85.
- Mary Stuart, born 1631,
mar William II de Nassau, Prince of Orange
and had issue:
- William III,
"William of Orange", Prince of Orange, Count of Nassau.
He mar Mary II.
Williamite-Jacobite War 1689-1691.
They reigned jointly (her 1689-1694, him 1689-1702).
"Flight of the Wild Geese"
after 1691.
Act of Settlement 1701.
Penal Laws 1691-1778.
- James II, born 1633.
Reigned 1685-88.
He mar 1stly to Anne Hyde and had issue:
- Mary II,
mar William III,
reigned jointly.
- Anne,
reigned 1702-14.
Crown then passed to the House of Hanover.
James II
mar 2ndly to Mary of Modena.
He was deposed by William and Mary 1688 (supported by parliament)
because of the threat of a Catholic succession.
He had issue by 2nd wife:
- James Stuart, The Old Pretender,
born 1688,
had issue:
-
Charles Stuart, The Young Pretender,
"Bonnie Prince Charlie".
Timeline of 1688-91 period
June 1688 James II's son is born
July Parliament invites William of Orange to depose King James
Dec James leaves England
Apr 1689 William and Mary crowned
Siege of Derry begins
July 1690 Battle of the Boyne
July 1691 Battle of Aughrim
Oct Siege of Limerick
Jacobite surrender, Treaty of Limerick
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- The word
"orange":
- The name of the fruit now called the
orange
was originally the Sanskrit narangah,
later the Arabic naranj.
The Moors introduced it to Europe in medieval times.
-
The name of the town of
Orange,
just N of Avignon, SE France,
has an independent origin,
but
because it was a centre of trade in the fruit, with a similar name,
it influenced the name of the fruit in French to become orange.
- The colour
orange
is named after the fruit, using this new spelling.
- The House of Orange -
The title of Prince of Orange is after the place in France.
- The Orange River, South Africa,
is after the
House of Orange.
The name of the Orange Free State comes from this.
- After William of Orange:
- The Ulster
Orange Lodges.
So it is certainly correct that they wear the colour orange.
- Orange, NJ.
- Orange, CT.
- Orange, Ohio,
is after Orange, CT.
- Orange, MA
is either after William of Orange or after a later Prince of Orange.
- Orange, Texas, are
either after the oranges that grow there,
or after Orange, NJ.
- Williamsburg, the old capital of Virginia.
- College of William and Mary, VA.
- The name "hill billies",
referring to rural Ulster-Scots immigrants to America.
- Nassau St, Dublin, is an interesting survival.
It is actually named after William of Orange
- but using his little-known family name
- which is undoubtedly why it survived re-naming
in the general 19th-20th cent. destruction and removal of all things connected
to that Prince
in southern Ireland.
- After other members of the House of Orange:
Other names
- After Charles I:
- The Charles River (which runs through Boston), MA, New England.
- And hence the town of Charlestown, Boston, MA.
- The states of North and South Carolina (after the Latin for Charles).
- After Henrietta Maria de Bourbon:
- The state of Maryland in the USA.
- The nursery rhyme
"Jack Sprat
(Could eat no fat,
His wife could eat no lean)"
is supposed to be about Charles I and Henrietta Maria.
- The nursery rhyme
"Humpty Dumpty"
may refer to
Charles I,
although there are
many other theories.
- After James II:
- Jamestown, Rhode Island.
- Jamestown (on the James Bay), the capital of St.Helena, S Atlantic.
- New York was not named after the English city
(or at least, only indirectly)
but rather was named after the Duke of York, the future James II.
- The nursery rhyme
"Rock-A-Bye Baby"
may refer to the infant son of James II
and his many enemies, 1688.
